Central government debt — AI AnalysisCanada's central government debt has grown dramatically over the 16-year period from April 2009 to December 2025, with gross liabilities rising 169% from $837 billion to $2.25 trillion and the sharpest acceleration occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic around 2020. The dataset tracks 32 distinct feKey Findings

Canada's gross liabilities (Category C) grew 169.3% from $836,957M in September 2009 to $2,253,863M by December 2025, representing the largest absolute increase of any tracked debt category.

The federal accumulated deficit rose 162.8% over the same period — from $492,352M to $1,293,884M — while net debt climbed 158.5% from $553,446M to $1,430,903M.

The dataset's mean value of $357,641M is nearly double its median of $193,272M, confirming a heavily right-skewed distribution driven by a few very large aggregate debt categories reaching up to $2.26 trillion.

The top three debt categories by average value are 'C. Liabilities, gross debt' (~$1.3 trillion mean), 'Interest-bearing debt', and 'Unmatured debt' — both averaging over $860 billion across the study period.

21 outlier data points were detected across 32 debt categories using a strict 3x IQR threshold, with most anomalies concentrated around the pandemic-era fiscal expansion of 2020.

Explore this analysis on Canada Data Explorer | Datastam